“桥建合一”型地铁高架车站振动舒适度研究

"桥建合一"型地铁高架车站的轨道梁刚接在站房结构框架梁上,存在严重的车致振动舒适度问题。为了研究列车过站时"桥建合一"型地铁高架车站的振动舒适度规律,以某典型侧式"桥建合一"型地铁高架车站为研究对象,采用数值计算软件Matlab建立27自由度列车模型,采用有限元软件Ansys建立车站有限元模型,基于分离迭代法实现列车-车站的耦合作用,并对比实测数据验证列车-车站耦合振动分析模型的准确性。采用已验证的列车-车站耦合振动分析模型计算列车到发站时站房的振动舒适度敏感点,并研究列车车速、楼板厚度和桥墩跨度参数对站房振动舒适度的影响。研究结果表明:"桥建合一"型地铁高架车站的结构动力特性具有特殊性,典型楼板的1阶竖弯频率为28.91 Hz,是高铁客运站的4.7~7.7倍;站厅层振动舒适度敏感点位于结构缝附近和车站端部悬挑区域,列车到站时站厅层振动超标最大为32%;站房的车致振动相应总体上随列车车速的增加而增大,列车正线过站时60~80 km/h速度区间与列车会车过站时20~40 km/h和60~80 km/h速度区间的楼板振动增幅较为显著;楼板的车致振动在其自振频率附近会产生"共振效应",楼板厚度参数对楼板自制频率的影响较小,桥墩跨度参数对楼板自振频率的影响较大,合理设计桥墩跨度可以有效避免楼板产生"共振效应"。     

基于BP-DS证据理论的航标状态识别模型研究

内河航标标示了可航行水域的边界,是保障内河船舶安全航行的重要前提。面向内河航标不同故障模式,构建一种基于BP-DS证据理论的航标状态识别模型。采用两个BP神经网络分别训练航标基础属性数据与环境因素数据,计算独立的证据值;通过DS证据理论实现航标运行状态识别结果的决策融合。结果表明,基于BP-DS证据理论的航标状态识别模型精度达到80%以上,高于传统经验阈值判别法。     

基于特征熵权与样本加权的大跨桥梁多车道交通荷载聚类模型

为满足交通流荷载作用下大跨桥梁结构评估的需要，研究了基于荷载参数特征的交通流状态划分方法。首先，基于实测交通流数据，按照车道属性统计分析得到交通流的单位小时特征参数样本，选择单位小时内车型比例、车头间距及交通流速度作为交通流状态划分的参考特征；其次，改进经典k-means聚类算法以增强其对高维、复杂交通流荷载分类的鲁棒性，即通过引入特征熵值来表征各特征参数对聚类效果的重要性，同时计算样本点与周围样本点的接近程度来赋予样本点权值，以削弱样本离散性对聚类质量的不利影响；最后，通过聚类算法得到11种具有不同参数特征的交通流荷载，分析了其作用下某大跨斜拉桥拉索应力响应及造成的疲劳损伤。结果表明：改进算法的聚类质量指标比原始k-means算法提高了40%以上，对交通流状态划分具有良好的适用性；通过算法得到的不同类别的交通流荷载的特征参数差异性明显，其占有率也大不相同，同一类别的交通流荷载各样本特征参数聚拢效果良好；同车道内不同类别的交通流荷载的拉索等效应力差别较大，其变异系数均在0.2以上，尤其在考虑了不同交通流荷载模型的占有率后，这种差异性进一步增大。上述结果表明该交通流荷载聚类与模拟方法是有效、准确的，对相关大跨桥梁结构安全及耐久性评估有一定的参考价值。     

道路运输车辆达标车型整车主动安全项目测试简析

道路运输车辆达标车型的实施,有效提升了道路运输车辆的安全性能。文章主要从电子稳定性控制系统、车道偏离预警系统、前向碰撞预警系统、自动紧急制动系统四个整车主动安全测试项目对道路运输车辆达标车型相应标准进行介绍,为道路运输车辆达标车型相关从业人员提供了主动安全整车项目试验参考。     

Time use in travel surveys and time use surveys – Two sides of the same coin?

An in-depth understanding of travel behaviour determinants, including the relationship to non-travel activities, is the foundation for modelling and policy making. National Travel Surveys (NTS) and time use surveys (TUS) are two major data sources for travel behaviour and activity participation. The aim of this paper is to systematically compare both survey types regarding travel activities and non-travel activities. The analyses are based on the German National Travel Survey and the German National Time Use Survey from 2002.The number of trips and daily travel time for mobile respondents were computed as the main travel estimates. The number of trips per person is higher in the German TUS when changes in location without a trip are included. Location changes without a trip are consecutive non-trip activities with different locations but without a trip in-between. The daily travel time is consistently higher in the German TUS. The main reason for this difference is the 10-min interval used. Differences in travel estimates between the German TUS and NTS result from several interaction effects. Activity time in NTS is comparable with TUS for subsistence activities.Our analyses confirm that both survey types have advantages and disadvantages. TUS provide reliable travel estimates. The number of trips even seems preferable to NTS if missed trips are properly identified and considered. Daily travel times are somewhat exaggerated due to the 10-min interval. The fixed time interval is the most important limitation of TUS data. The result is that trip times in TUS do not represent actual trip times very well and should be treated with caution.We can use NTS activity data for subsistence activities between the first trip and the last trip. This can potentially benefit activity-based approaches since most activities before the first trip and after the last trip are typical home-based activities which are rarely substituted by out-of-home activities.     

液化天然气(LNG)汽车日常检查方法及维护技术综述

天然气是一种优质的替代燃料,具有污染小、安全系数高、运行费用低等优点。天然气已经成为城市公共交通领域应用最为成功和广泛的车辆替代燃料技术,为推动交通运输行业的节能减排做出了显著的贡献。液化天然气汽车,作为天然气汽车的一种类型,与传统汽柴油车相比,液化天然气汽车安装了包括液化天然气气瓶、气管路及各种控制阀门和仪表在内的专用装置,在对液化天然气汽车进行日常检查时需要针对液化天然气汽车的专用装置进行重点检查。本文则针对液化天然气汽车的特点,对液化天然气汽车的正确使用方法、日常检查方法及维护技术要求、以及相关注意事项三个方面进行了解读,为指导液化天然气汽车进行日常检查与定期维护提供了技术参考。     

Competitiveness of container terminal operating companies in South Korea and the industry–university–government network

Burgeoning container port facilities have fostered intensified competition among container terminal operating companies (CTOCs). However, despite research into their survival strategies which identified antecedents of competitiveness including hard factors such as facilities, available cargo and cargo processing ability, softer factors spanning human resource management, networks and strategic alliances with universities and government agencies in industry–university–government (I–U–G) networks have been overlooked. This study aims to examine both hard and softer antecedents of competitiveness as perceived by 152 professionals in South Korean CTOCs; empirical relationships among these antecedents, I–U–G networks, and competitiveness itself; and the significance of the I–U–G network in establishing and improving competitiveness. Posited antecedents of competitiveness included human resources, facilities, service quality, customer orientation, reputation, and government support policy as independent variables; the I–U–G network as a moderating variable; and competitiveness as a dependent variable. Empirical structural relationships revealed that excepting government support policy, each variable significantly affected CTOC competitiveness. Further, the I–U–G network moderated the relationships between the antecedents of competitiveness and competitiveness. Because an effective I–U–G network was pivotal in controlling CTOC competitiveness, improved competitiveness requires not only differentiation of human resources, facilities, service quality, customer orientation, and reputation factors but also I–U–G network developments.     

路基高边坡预应力锚索跟管施工技术探讨

为探索坡积碎石土地质条件下的预应力锚索成孔方法,以某工程的路基高边坡施工为例,阐述预应力锚索跟管成孔施工工艺和方法,分析在以坡积碎石土为主的地质条件下进行跟管钻进施工的注意事项,有效提高预应力锚索钻孔施工的成孔率和成孔速度,降低塌孔的发生率。     

教师发展中心的建设在高职院校中的作用

受高职教育重应用型的影响,高职教育在教学内容的选取中除理论教学外,实操教学也占了相当大的比重,这就要求高职院校的教师要具备较强的专业技能水平。本文旨在讨论如何通过建立"教师发展中心"来提高教师的专业水平与教学能力。     

A framework for travel time variability analysis using urban traffic incident data

This study aims to develop a framework to estimate travel time variability caused by traffic incidents using integrated traffic, road geometry, incident, and weather data. We develop a series of robust regression models based on the data from a stretch in California's highway system during a two-year period. The models estimate highway clearance time and percent changes in speed for both downstream and upstream sections of the incident bottleneck. The results indicate that highway shoulder and lane width factor adversely impact downstream highway clearance time. Next, travel time variability is estimated based on the proposed speed change models. The results of the split-sample validation show the effectiveness of the proposed models in estimating the travel time variability. Application of the model is examined using a micro-simulation, which demonstrates that equipping travelers with the estimated travel time variability in case of an incident can improve the total travel time by almost 60%. The contribution of this research is to bring several datasets together, which can be advantageous to Traffic Incident Management.